Have you ever needed to freeze a water pipe to do a quick plumbing job without shutting off all the water? It’s actually a fairly common practice for contractors, except they use a rather expensive tool to do it. As it turns out, there’s actually a fairly cheap and easy DIY solution you can do with minimal supplies or experience.
[Go Repairs] shows us that all you need is some pipe insulation (or a large sponge), a plastic bag, two zip-ties, and a air duster can. Wrap the insulation and plastic bag around the pipe, and zip-tie it in place. Holding the air duster can upside down, release the majority of the contents into the insulation. Congratulations, you’ve just frozen your pipe.
It works by exploiting the properties of a compressed gas — in this case tetrafluoroethane — the “air” in the air duster.
When this gas is under pressure it exists as both a liquid and a gas in the can. When you spray the can normally, you’re just getting the gas out — but if you hold the can upside down, the liquid comes out instead. Because liquid tetrafluoroethane can’t exist at atmospheric pressure as a liquid, it boils instantly as it leaves the can. This causes an extreme temperature drop in the surroundings due to the endothermic reaction occurring.
For a complete explanation, check out the video below.
Cooling something by evaporative cooling is _not_ an endothermic reaction. To have an endothermic reaction, you have to have a reaction! Evaporating a pressurized liquid a chemical reaction does not make. Liquid tetraflouoroethane in, gaseous tetraflouoroethane out.
Source http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat
Neat hack though!
Did you read the article you linked? It clearly describes the process as endothermic.
Endothermic, but not a chemical reaction. Endothermic just means that heat energy is absorbed. TTFE absorbs heat in order to change from liquid to a gas. It’s state changes because its pressure has changed.
More correctly referred to as an “endothermic process” as it is a thermodynamic process, not an endothermic chemical reaction.
I am a plumber and have to repair a pipe 7 story’s up in this high rise apartment complex without turning water off the entire building this just might work!!!
wouldn’t it be cheaper and longer lasting to use dry ice rather than expensive aerosol air duster which is not very good for the environment or you.
Dry ice would take much longer, and I have a can of air on my desk, but no way of finding dry ice at midnight on a Friday of a holiday weekend, which happens to be when almost all of my plumbing problems occur
Are you kidding? Most grocery stores sell dry ice, but they don’t sell cans of air.
Depends on which State you live in.
I’ve never seen dry ice for sale in any grocery store…
A lot of the stores around here stock it, usually in a locked cooler by the registers. You buy it by the bag and the pound.
I don’t think I’ve ever been in one that doesn’t.
Ask next time you go. Often it’s in a special freezer up front, or it may be hidden. Also, you may have to be 18 to purchase it.
They do in the south where it gets very hot, for keeping your groceries cold on the way home. Never seen it in the northern half of the states.
Not in the UK they don’t! Bastards ;-)
I’ve never seen it for sale over here….always made my own with fire extinguishers :)
propane would be a cheaper and relatively environment friendly alternative.
Less human friendly given it’s flammable
Yes, while soldering with a blow torch, let’s fill the air with propane. What could possibly go wrong ?
Well, tetrafluoroethene burns quite happily as well, only, when it burns it releases fluorine gas which is extremely toxic.
So which one is more acutely dangerous, you decide.
Seriously? You’re asking that? A room full of propane, could blow the house apart, totally destroying the house and quite probably, the neighbors.
Burning a little gas while you’re soldering the pipe, isn’t going to kill you. It may still be toxic, but seriously, one is explosive, while one is not.
Or just turn off the water.. Honestly it is not that big of a deal to go and close a valve for a few minutes.
It’s of most use when you are working on heating systems when you would need to drain everything down.
Well, just keep in mind, that most canned air in the EU is made of Butane, which is highly flammable. That might lead to some problems with “larger” plumbing jobs ;-)
Common practice among professional plumbers? Not good ones. Any plumber worth his/her salt shuts off the water and drains the lines in order to perform repairs on copper lines.
The problem with freezing a copper pipe to get a convenient (read: lazy) plug is that ice expands, usually more than the copper does. This results in a weak point or a split, adding to the repair load and quite possibly damaging the property if the new leak goes undetected.
I’ve had enough professional training (3 years) and done enough professional plumbing (15 years on the job) to know that this is very bad practice.
When plumbers freeze pipes, they do it if the water shutoff is either not accessible or stuck open, or if they don’t want or is impractical to drain out the entire system (for example a fire sprinkler system that contains gallons of water in 1″ or greater pipes). However when they do use it they use liquid carbon dioxide not R134a (most older “compressed/canned air”/dusters or now the more common R152a (difluoroethane). Liquid carbon dioxide is also a lot cheaper than refrigerants are, safer for the environment, and is what dry ice is made of. Do a search for “pipe freezing kit” and you will see them widely available, though not necessarily cheap especially for an occasional use tool for a DIY’r.
I’ve never seen a sprinkler system run with copper, all that I’ve seen were black iron. I don’t have experience with frozen black iron pipes, only copper. For all I know they may hold up just fine.
I do know that freezing copper pipes is always a bad idea.
The difference between environmental freezing of copper pipes and freezing a plug in a copper pipe is where the overall pressure goes. When an entire pipe freezes there is nowhere for the overall pressure to go. It stays stationary in the pipe while the temperatures continue to drop until the pipe yields. With a frozen plug the pressure is allowed to equalize with the liquid water on either side.
If you continued to expand that plug in either direction while keeping the whole thing at the same temperature across the frozen area, you could freeze that whole pipe without bursting it.
It’s massively common amongst professional plumbers. I’ve never seen a pipe split because of localised pipe freezing, have you got any source for that at all?
15 years of experience in the commercial/industrial building maintenance industry, where I had to repair split pipes any number times.
I’ve seen pipe freezing used many, many times, and it’s never gone wrong.
I’ve seen pipes frozen due to bad weather plenty of times, and they do split then, but it’s very different. Are you not maybe confusing the two?
Actually there’s nothing wrong with it and it’s common not only in plumbing and building maintenance but throughout the entire process industry. We’ve done line freezes on 10″ lines on our cooling system, that takes a lot of nitrogen to do.
Line freezing won’t crack the pipe unless you’re really stupid and do something like freeze in two different places at once. Yes ice expands but as it does it pushes outwards. Providing you have a single point you’re freezing the centre will start to build up ICE and expand outwards, no risk of anything breaking. If you’re doing a really large freeze you may want to open a valve somewhere to relieve the minor but not pipe splitting pressure before you cut the pipe or you may be in for a surprise.
I guess that is why it is “popular with professionals” (paraphrasing a comment above). Because they know what to do to avoid sideeffects.
Just like cutting open a person is not something most of us should be doing – but surgents do it all the time, taking necessary precautions (many of which most of us would probably never consider).
It could also be a case of “do as i say, not as i do”. or the problem have a better solution, but the old solution still intrenched in the industry (or cheaper). But why not give them the benefit of the doubt :)
There’s very little to go wrong with it. The freezing is gradual from the outside in, so there really isn’t a splitting issue. I’ve seen it used hundreds of times with no issue in domestic and small commercial settings, and we even used it on a ship to fix a 100mm bronze seawater pipe.
I have never seen a plumber do this and I would fire any who tried it. And on a thin-walled copper pipe to boot? I can only see this even making the barest of beer-goggled sense for PEX but am at a loss as to what legitimate reason a clear-headed person might have for doing so. Cut off the supply, drain the lines, do your work. If cutting the supply is inconvenient, add a valve near the fixture so next time it won’t be.
I’ve seen a plumber do it..but it was on a nuclear reactor on a submarine, not in a house!
For industrial use – like cooling lines for power generation – there’s even a standard! ASME PCC-2-2011 “Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping”. They had an article about it last year in M.E. Magazine… Froze a 12″+ diameter coolant line in a power plant.
Aaaaaand… For anyone who is interested, the full article with some really good pictures is available at http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/data/Conferences/PVP2011/70074/257_1.pdf
8″ pipe… I lied… /cry
Is there a open version of the paper there? Looks like paid for content.
That link is directly to the free PDF… I clicky, it downloady article. No monies.
You must be at a uni or other place with a subscription:
http://i.imgur.com/7FPnCUI.png
You could send it over to username @ gmail.com :)
I’ve been making daily plumbing and heating and air-conditioning repairs for nearly 21 years and have used CO2 freezing equipment on Copper and galvanized piping from 1/2 thru 2 probably 100 times. Even freezing two spots at once with a clamped off leak in between. The ice expands linearly inside of the pipe and just like a teenager it will take the path of least resistance. Few times I’ve gone wrong but only because I didn’t have a long enough ice plug to last very long and it Released while I was soldering and blew out followed by water everywhere. You will not freeze a large diameter pipe with this method but you can try. Slab leak with 10 stories of water above you warrants the use of a freeze kit.
Someone said “do your work”… this work is my career. Maybe you should call a plumber or perhaps take the PHCC 4 year course.
It is common practice in industry, and I’ve seen it done at a power plant where I used to work. I hadn’t heard of it done in homes, but I don’t see why not.
According to these guys, it’s not the ice in frozen lines that breaks the pipe, it’s the water pressure…
“The common misconception is that it is the ice that expands and damages the pipe. In fact the ice expands along the pipe which then pushes against the trapped water. The trapped water will not compress (unlike air) and so the pressure in the pipe rises. This continues until the pressure exceeds the pressure rating of the pipe itself, and then the pipe will break. It is in fact water pressure that does the damage and not the ice itself. If a faucet is left dripping, the pipe may still freeze but it will not be damaged as there has been no increase in water pressure due to the dripping tap.”
http://www.nitropipefreeze.com/faq-pipe-freeze-service-pipes-freezing/
I remember now that I was taught to let your water drip if you think the pipes might freeze…I thought it was to maintain some flow in the system, but this makes more sense now that I think about it.
leaving the water dripping when you leave the house is standard practice in the far north
you never know when the furnace is going to crap out, maybe while you are out for the evening
Not sure I buy that reasoning. If the water plug is frozen, and growing both behind and in front of the frozen plug along the length of the pipe, letting the tap drip only reduces the water pressure from the frozen plug to the tap, but not from the frozen plug back to the water inlet source? So if it was pressure, not ice expansion, why don’t the pipes still burst between the inlet and the frozen plug even when the tap is dripping?
Probably for the same reason the pipes don’t burst from pressure when the tap is closed.
When the tap is dripping (slightly open), enough pressure in the pipe will push the water back into the main line.
It usually happens because the pipe will start to freeze at two ends first. The spot in between the frozen points bursts. A small frozen plug like this won’t burst a pipe, just not enough extra pressure. Now if you started freezing a couple feet of pipe, you’d get it to pop quite nicely.
my old landlord would provide this service for free
he ran the pipes up the side of the building, outside the insulation
he called a plumber, his diagnosis: “your pipes are frozen”
my question for the landlord: “how much are you paying this guy?”
Ahh, good old R134a! – release it from a Refrigerator, Aircon or Car, and get fined if the EPA catches you, but emptying a full can of it ? – no problem…
Sigh!…
+1
And all because the guy “cant find dry ice on a friday evening”. Any excuse is a good excuse for *me* not to be environmentally friendly I guess. :-(
This now a common practice in the UK.. Trust me we get burst pipes in the winter to!
http://www.corgi-direct.com/polar-commercial-pipe-freezing-53-3421151?utm_source=GoogleBase&utm_medium=GB&utm_campaign=GoogleBase&gclid=CIbZ3dGFjLwCFYZZ3godCDsAPw
Heston Blumenthal used this trick to quick freeze a baking plate so he could make fancy chocolate “pipes” :P
That guy rocks.
Seriously guys, Listen to yourselves. Bickering about every little thing. This site used to have a great “community” feel to it. Now its just a bunch of know-it-alls that have nothing better to do than try to sound smarter than everyone else. Just enjoy the flippin’ video and try to be a little more civil.
Great, just don’t let the door hit you on the way out…
Did i say i was leaving?
I though your imminent departure was a logical assumption looking at the facts. Seeing as you are unable to selectively read comments and filter out those who are not of your liking, it seems reasonable for you not to visit the forum again, unless you are a masochist of course, but then you secretly like it.
HAHAHA! I think its plain to see who has the issues here. I was saying cant we be nice? You clearly want to argue. I wont argue with you over this. Take care, buddy.
Kaine, you’re clearly making quite transparent digs at Voxnulla here. Please calm down and try to at least set some example of the behaviour that you want to see.
+1
We do not all have to agree on everything. we never will.
But we can still respectfully disagree (or if we think the other opinion is indeed laughable, perhaps just not commenting at all, it is very unlikely to lead anywhere useful).
As long as no one has celiac’s disease, stuff a piece of bread into the pipe. It’ll absorb any dripping water long enough to solder and then fall apart.
You ever try to stuff a piece of bread into a running faucet? Your fix works but not if you need to cut in the middle of a pipe .