Sometimes it is not how good but how bad your equipment reproduces sound. In a previous hackaday post the circuitry of a vintage transistor radio was removed so that a blue tooth audio source could be installed and wired to the speaker. By contrast, this post will show how to use the existing circuitry of a vintage radio for playing your own audio sources while at the same time preserving the radio’s functionality. You will be able to play your music through the radio’s own audio signal chain then toggle back to AM mode and listen to the ball game. Make a statement – adapt and use vintage electronics.
Pre-1950’s recordings sound noisy when played on a high-fidelity system, but not when played through a Pre-War console radio. An old Bing Crosby tune sounds like he is broadcasting directly into your living room with a booming AM voice. You do not hear the higher frequency ‘pops’ and ‘hiss’ that would be reproduced by high-fidelity equipment when playing a vintage recording. This is likely due to the fact that the audio frequency signal chain and speaker of an antique radio are not capable of reproducing higher frequencies. Similarly, Sam Cooke sounds great playing out of an earlier transistor radio. These recordings were meant to be played on radios from the era in which they were recorded.
Choosing an Antique Radio
Vintage radios can be found at garage sales, estate sales, hamfests, antique shops, antique radio swap meets, and Ebay. Millions of radios have been manufactured. People often give them away. For this reason, antique radios are relatively inexpensive and the vast majority are not rare or valuable.
Generally speaking, tube radios must be serviced and may not even work. Transistor radios often work to some level. Try to find a radio that is clean and uses a power supply transformer or batteries.
Click past the break to learn how to restore these radios to working condition
A word of caution with tube radios: your radio must use a power supply transformer or batteries. For your own safety you cannot use a ‘hot chassis’ radio. ‘Hot chassis’ radios use un-polarized power cords, where one wire is connected directly to the metal chassis and the other to the rectifier providing B+ for the radio. Depending on which way the power cord happens to be plugged into the outlet, it is possible for the metal chassis to be wired directly to hot line voltage. Most post-war table-top tube radios are ‘hot chassis’ radios.
Basic Procedure
Locate where in the circuit the envelope detector ties into the first audio frequency stage. This is typically the first pin to right of wiper pin (bottom view, looking from inside radio to outside) on the volume potentiometer. Wire in a 3-way toggle switch to select between external audio source and radio. Some larger vintage radios have external audio inputs; in this case simply make an adaptor for the external input.
Transistor Radio
When I think transistor radio, something like the Emerson Pioneer 888 comes to mind. This American-made radio was built in 1957 and uses 8 transistors featuring a push-pull audio output. The front looks like it was part of an AMF bowling alley. For $12 it was not a bad retro purchase.
Rather than fitting a toggle switch to this radio, I modified its ear phone jack to receive an audio input rather than feed an audio output. The neat feature of the ear phone jack on these radios is that it has a built-in switch. When something is plugged in this switch opens up. I used this feature by feeding the low level audio from the AM detector through this switch and out to the volume potentiometer. When you plug in your audio source, the AM signal is opened and your source is then fed to the volume potentiometer. When you remove your audio source it goes back to being an AM radio. See the schematic below for details:
Console Radio:
The Collin B. Kennedy model 20 B is an early console radio built in 1929. Its front cover boasts that it is the ‘Royalty of Radios.’ It uses a tuned radio frequency (TRF) architecture that is significantly different from modern receivers.
Conveniently, this radio provides a phonograph input that is not RIAA compensated. Many console radios have this feature. It provides a high impedance connection directly into the radio’s audio amplifier allowing for the connection of an iPod or other audio device. I wired a modern RCA jack to this phono input.
There is a switch on the front panel to select either ‘radio’ or ‘phono.’ By selecting ‘phono,’ the line level audio signal from the phono input connection on the back of the radio is fed into the grid of the detector triode. The output of this triode feeds the audio pre-amplifier which then feeds a single-ended audio power amplifier. I wired my audio device into the phono input by using a simple voltage dividing mixer circuit to combine the right and left channels into a single mono signal.
Antique Radio ‘Boom Box’
Vintage tube radio sound is great at home but is more fun when you can bring it with you. For this I restored an Olympic Model 6-606 battery powered tube radio and modified it so that any audio source can be played through it.
The Olympic 6-606 was built in 1946 and uses either batteries or AC power. Unfortunately, if this radio is plugged in then it functions like a ‘hot chassis’ radio, making it too dangerous to use with an external audio source. For this reason I chose to operate it exclusively on batteries.
Implementing an audio input required the use of resistors in series with the right and left channels feeding an audio step-down transformer. This transformer is similar to those that you might find in old transistor radios. The output of this transformer is fed into a 3-way toggle switch that allows you to select either AM radio or audio input. The first audio frequency stage tube is an 1LH4 which functions as both an envelope detector and as a triode audio frequency gain stage. The audio input/radio toggle switch is a double throw. It interrupts the input to the first audio frequency stage by disconnecting the IF from the envelope detector on one pole of the switch and by selecting between the envelope detector and the audio transformer as an audio source to be fed into the volume potentiometer on the other pole of the switch.
The Olympic 6-606 requires two type-B and two type-A batteries providing 90 V for the plates and 9V for the filaments. Unfortunately, you cannot find these at the local hardware store. For this reason I built a modern battery pack equivalent to the two type-B’s by wiring ten 9V batteries in series. I emulated the two type-A batteries by wiring 6 size C batteries in series. All batteries were mounted on to a sheet of aluminum to provide structure and each output was fused at 0.25 A for safety.
Powering this radio with batteries is not inexpensive. It costs over $30 to fill the battery pack. Fortunately, the battery pack lasts for 15+ hours. With this vintage ‘boom box’ you can bring the sound of tubes anywhere, including parties, the beach or on sailing voyages. In social settings it is a great conversation piece.
Less Sound Quality, More Fun
Old recordings sound best when played through the radios that they were meant to play on. Make vintage radios relevant again! With a simple hack you can play your music or podcasts through a vintage radio’s audio circuitry while also keeping the radio’s functionality.
References
Acknowledgment: My cousin, Juliet Hurley, for type editing this post.
Author Bio
Gregory L. Charvat is author of Small and Short-Range Radar Systems, visiting research scientist at Camera Culture Group Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, co-founder of Hyperfine Research Inc. and Butterfly Network Inc., editor of the Gregory L. Charvat Series on Practical Approaches to Electrical Engineering, and guest commentator on CNN, CBS, Sky News, and others. He was a technical staff member at MIT Lincoln Laboratory from September 2007 to November 2011, where his work on through-wall radar won best paper at the 2010 MSS Tri-Services Radar Symposium and is an MIT Office of the Provost 2011 research highlight. He has taught short radar courses at MIT, where his Build a Small Radar course was the top-ranked MIT professional education course in 2011 and has become widely adopted by other universities, laboratories, and private organizations. Starting at an Early Age, Greg developed numerous radar systems, rail SAR imaging sensors, phased array radar systems; holds several patents; and has developed many other sensors and radio and audio equipment. He has authored numerous publications and received a great deal of press for his work. Greg earned a Ph.D in electrical engineering in 2007, MSEE in 2003, and BSEE in 2002 from Michigan State University, and is a senior member of the IEEE, where he served on the steering committee for the 2010, 2013, and 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology and chaired the IEEE AP-S Boston Chapter from 2010-2011.
Love it! Just one suggestion, why not use a bluetooth audio transmitter? you could tuck it inside each radio and have true wireless sound? Hey $30 bucks and it works with your setup.
But Bluetooth FM transmitters have bad audio quality! They drop a lot of data in the higher freque…. oh :P
These radios all happen to be AM. FM didn’t come into mainstream usage until the ’60s in the US. Does anyone happen to make an AM Bluetooth transmitter?
Bluetooth is neither AM nor FM, in terms of how the audio is transmitted. You’re confusing Bluetooth with those crappy little FM transmitter things people use in cars. Definitely NOT the same thing.
With Bluetooth, your device encodes the signal to a digital format, then transmits it to a Bluetooth receiver, which converts it back to audio. You can feed the audio to the amplifier of your radio as outlined above. Of course, you’re going to get something similar to a poor FM quality, which will still be superior to AM.
If you want a true ‘AM’ quality, you’ll want a true AM transmitter. A device like he RediRad product (which is what I’d recommend if that’s your goal.
Alot of room in these old radios for many things. Also, 6.3VAC filament available to power stuff like a blue tooth receiver.
Opps, my fault, I meant a bluetooth receiver, not a transmitter, it could be connected exactly the same way as the patch cord.
For hot-chassis radios run the power through an isolation transformer. If you don’t have an isolation transformer you can take two same-voltage step-down transformers of sufficient wattage and wire their secondaries together. One primary goes to the wall, one to the radio.
Just about the most sure-fire method. I rebuilt an old tube radio into a tube amp for my sister to use and ended up adding a transformer for this reason. In my case digging up my parts bin yielded a step-down, but it was still enough voltage (80) to suit my needs.
I’ll admit, I was nervous when I tested it by plugging the audio jack into my computer, but it worked great!
I’ve got another radio that I’m rebuilding for myself that was salvageable enough to retain the AM/shortwave circuits; thankfully it came from the factory with a transformer that keeps the chassis isolated.
Not sure if a Facebook link will work but this is my current project. Odd German radio I found in a bard outside Cleveland. New capacitors was all it needed. Now all I need to do is track down a capable 3D printer to replace the selector buttons. The green eye in the corner is a CRT-based signal indicator — which is awesome. Also awesome is the tape input so no hack necessary!
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10203825343332239&set=pb.1179608988.-2207520000.1407779541.&type=3
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Damn Facebook! My server is down so that’s the only place I have photos.
Here’s another link: https://www.facebook.com/therealpaulkastner
There’s a few TV’s in the mix but I haven’t quite got the hang of working on those yet.
The old German radios are neat. Are you going to post youtube videos of your restoration?
$30 to run a tube boom box for 15 hours seems just a little steep — if you used it much, it’d be worth adding a DC/DC converter to generate the plate voltage.
There’s a really cool writeup of such a converter (actual, several variations) designed specifically for this application here:
http://www.dos4ever.com/battery/battery.html
Once you’ve got a solution to generate the plate voltage from the filament voltage, replace the 6s D-cell pack with your choice of rechargeable technology — I’d tend toward a 2s (7.4V) Li-ion pack, but 3s LiFe (9.6V) or 6/7/8s NiMH (7.2/8.4/9.6V) are also reasonable.
Oh wow, someone went to great effort to make a solid state B+ battery! Hopefully this is offered as a kit somewhere..
I don’t think Ronald Dekker, Mr. Dos4ever, has offered his B battery supply as a kit. His uTracer V3, a tube curve tracer of his own design is sold as a kit. His blog documenting its design and evolution is a model of clarity and thoroughness.
I love listening to music through my ’38 philco. plus it’s amazing to replace a huge capacitor with a tiny one of the same value. It really makes you marvel and improving technologies.
No joke! I’ve got a 41-255 I recently recapped and while a few are about the same size (due to limited selection) some of the smaller polyester caps I used are absolutely tiny in comparison to what they replaced.
What really surprised me is that a few of the resistors (oddly only those rated at 470 kOhms) have measured out to be roughly double that value. Color coding and schematics show they should be 470k, but I’ve measured anywhere from 850k to 1050k on the few there are. The rest, save for a few, are within 10% error.
My grandfather used to solder components for old electrical equipment. He said that sometimes when testing, they’d find a component that was out of spec, and instead of tossing it (They were EXPENSIVE back then) they’d match up other out of spec parts to make it work. His words, not mine, so I don’t know how common that was. But, he ended up working on the Saturn rockets, so… He must have known something of what he was on about.
Well, it wouldn’t totally shock me, although these specific capacitors are used on multiple circuits so I think it may have been a batch problem. Who knows, they could have been this way from new!
Replacing them with proper values didn’t change a whole lot (reduce mains noise a little) so I could see it leaving the assembly floor that way.
Derp, resistors, not capacitors.
Yes, the resistors go out of tolerance so you have to check those too. One way to do this quickly is to check the voltages on the pins of each tube, the service manual should outline what these ought to be. If any voltage is off by more than 10% then check the resistors connected to that pin.
Oh, cool! I didn’t imagine it would be as easy as wiring up to the volume knob. Thanks for the tip and great writeup.
Growing up I hacked into Stromberg Carlsons and Atwater Kents and many middle of the road 5-tubes but I never got a European or battery tube radio to work. Might be good advice today.
B plus battery ouch they always were expensive. Oddly the last car radios with tubes had 12volt plate voltage and heaters and one big transistor in the audio power amp.
I didn’t want to go inside the tube radios I got at a garage sale, thinking I might electrocute myself, so I built an AM transmitter kit from Ramsey. I stream actual old-time radio shows from the internet over the air. Sounds pretty good, http://youtu.be/Eb0Ccsh1Dpw
Yes, i’d like to get an AM transmitter kit for my radio collection too. Cool stuff.
Get an older sansui receiver model 9090DB is real nice, it has a very low distortion rating. Also Older Marantz receivers and amps are good.
Fun way to repurpose old things with new technology!
When I was a kid I was given a couple of old tube radios, I managed to get them to work. I pulled all the tubes, brought them to Radio Shack and tested them in their tube tester. Incredibly enough, they had replacements for all of the dead tubes, in stock, right there in the store. Ah, for the good old days when Radio Shack was actually good for something. I had to mess with the antenna wires on one of them but I managed to get them both to work. One of them had a “magic eye” and it was just too cool.
I love the look of old tombstone style radios from the thirties.
I prefer to refinish the models that were called “farm radios” These
were meant to run from batteries and not the household AC or DC 110v
outlets. (yes, some towns had 110v DC and not AC) These farm radios
had permanent magnet speakers instead of speakers with a electromagnet
…those speakers had to be powered to render audio.
I don’t bother repairing the actual electronics of the radios… they are easily
fixed but I enjoy simply hooking an audio source up to the permanent magnet
speakers and using the radio as a beautiful antique speaker cabinet.
I sometimes use the old volume and on/off switches of the old radios. I always
illuminate the dial using an orange LED.
I’m looking for one of those old desktop B+W Televisions that had the very tiny
screens… I’d like to try placing a cheap tablet computer in the cabinet to replace
the CRT… If I can find just the right old TV I could make a nice looking curiosity.
I saw a nice old radio case at a junk store the other day. The guts are long gone. Anyone know of a site about build new “old” guts for an old radio?
jesus… the amount of effort you went to add a phono input. its a 2 minuet job!
Add this to the possible re-uses of antique music players: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_5edMj5kDU
Hi,
I have a Philco 38-39 model radio (http://www.nostalgiaair.org/PagesByModel/262/M0013262.pdf). I am an absolute beginner but we are trying to hook up an iPod and it looks very similar to what you are doing. Any idea where we would connect the iPod on this model?
I like to collectrestore old early transistor radios and the older tubeway valve radios and used to listen to absolute radio on my 1957 pye bakelite radio I listen to planet rock on my chinese roberts dab radio but absolute radio switch off the am radio transmitter so I can only receive radio 4 longer and talk radio on my vintage radios so I refuse to listen to absolute all vintage radio fans need to boycott this station I visited the droitwich radio station the station boys st at steel control desk the transmitter had vacuum tubes tubeway days now seem so unreal we are glass