The last three days marked the 2018 Midwest RepRap Festival. Every year, the stars of the 3D printing world make it out to Goshen, Indiana for the greatest gathering of 3D printers and printing enthusiasts the world has ever seen. This isn’t like any other 3D printing convention — everyone here needs to take the time to get to Goshen, and that means only the people who want to be here make it out.
Over the weekend we covered some amazing hacks and printer builds from MRRF. The ‘BeagleBone On A Chip’ has become a complete solution for a 3D printer controller. This is a great development that takes advantage of the very under-used Programmable Real-Time Units found in the BeagleBone, and will make an excellent controller for that custom printer you’ve been wanting to build. E3D has announced they’re working on an automatic tool-changing printer. It’s a slight derivative of their now-defunct BigBox printer, but is quite possibly the best answer to multi-material filament printers we’ve ever seen. There’s some interest from the community, and if everything goes well, this printer may become a kit, or something of the sort. Filament splicing robots also made an appearance at this year’s MRRF, and the results are extremely impressive. Now you can create multi-color prints with the printer you already own. Is it expensive? Yes, but it looks so good.
This wasn’t all that could be found at MRRF. There were hundreds of printers at the event, and at last count, over 1300 attendees. That’s amazing for a 3D printer convention that is held every year in the middle of nowhere, Indiana. What were the coolest sights and sounds coming out of MRRF this year? Check out the best-of list below.
Glitter Printers
MRRF had a 30-foot-tall delta printer. MRRF had the latest products and projects from the best 3D printing companies out there. There was an R2D2. The star of the show, though, was the glitter printer.
[Scott Ziv] got his hands on a Z Corp Z402 printer through some means or another. This is an ancient 3D printer from the early 2000s prints using a powder by usingan inkjet-like device to dispense a binding agent to hold it together. [Scott] didn’t want to buy the powder and binder, so he simply mounted a laser diode to the carriage and tried to melt some powder. Sugar didn’t quite work, but he did have success in an unlikely place: glitter. Yes, glitter. The stuff that kills dolphins.
[Scott] found a guy selling a few buckets of glitter for about a dollar a pound. This glitter is mostly PLA PET, surprisingly, with a little bit of aluminum and some polyester in there as well. It melted well with the diode laser, although the parts produced crumble to bits if they’re moved at all. [Scott] encased his best prints in epoxy resin, and while it’s not something that can create functional prints, it is a printer that prints in glitter.
The writeup for this build will eventually be documented on [Scott]’s website.
Pellet Extruders
If you’re building a big printer, you’re going to need a lot of plastic. Standard 1kg spools are great if your printer fits on a desk, but for those massive build volume printers, filament just becomes too expensive. The better way is pellets, the raw material of the plastic world. Do this, though, and you need a way to extrude and melt those pellets.
[haqnmaq] has created a pellet extruder for large-format printers, capable of printing very large objects with very cheap plastic. The key component of anything that extrudes pellets is the auger; commercial, industrial injection molders use very clever and very expensive augers, but [haq] is using a standard, off-the-shelf 1/2″ wood auger for this build. This drill bit is driven by a NEMA 23 motor with a 47:1 gearbox, and the heat comes from two 300W heater bands.
This project is on Hackaday.io, you can check that out here. [haqnmaq] is extruding plastic with it, now the only thing left to do is to mount it to a printer.
Prusa’s Latest Triumph
A while ago, Prusa introduced the multi-extrusion upgrade to the Prusa i3. It works, but there is a downside — each filament you want to multi-extrude requires a separate stepper motor. If you want four colors of filament, that’s four motors.
There’s a better way of doing things. It was announced a few weeks ago, but at MRRF we got our first look at the new multimaterial upgrade. Instead of a stepper for each different filament, this is a weird little machine that takes five filaments, selects one, and pushes it into the extruder motor on the x-carriage.
Here’s what’s going on with this new extruder. The ‘filament selector box’ — or whatever we’re calling it — consists of five holes in the back that accept different filaments, and a single hole on the front that accepts PTFE tubing that feeds right into the main extruder on the x-carriage. In between the front and the back, the filament feeds through a series of rollers that selectively feed filament to the front. When the printer wants to change filament, the movable carriage on the front moves from one output to the other. Filament is automatically sliced inside the machine. Think of it as a printer-mounted version of the filament-slicing robots we saw this weekend, only very much cheaper and significantly more clever.
The entire contraption is driven by a small board with three motor drivers. This is the Prusaino, and will make a great CNC controller when it’s sold by itself.
This is a fantastic advancement in the state of multimaterial printing. It’s not shipping yet, but we can’t wait to get our hands on this thing.
Infinite Build Volume Printers and Hurdy Gurdies
Last year, the best thing at MRRF, and possibly the greatest 3D printing innovation of the year, was the infinite build volume printer. What makes this an infinite build volume printer? It can print a beam that’s about six inches wide, six inches tall, and millions of miles long. You supply the plastic, power, and time. It’s absurdly clever, another company quickly released their plans for one, and [Brook] of Printrbot connected with [Bill Steele], the guy at MRRF with the prototype, to create a slightly more professional-looking version.
This year, that prototype made it out to MRRF. It works, and it was printing off tiny little models of airplanes.
There are a few things going on with this printer that aren’t readily apparent. Only the first few inches of that kapton bed are heated. This makes sense; the printer really only prints on the first few millimeters of the bed, anyway. By not heating the end of the bed, the prints pop right off. There are a few issues with the bed wandering off to one side, but future versions will have a 1mm crown on the rollers, keeping the bed centered. [Bill] is using a Raspberry Pi to queue up his models and have everything slide off the printer. He took this machine to Oshkosh a while ago, and printed 1,500 of those little planes in a weekend. It’s a great machine and we can’t wait to see this thing make it into production.
Want something strange and weird? Here’s a hurdy gurdy:
What’s a hurdy gurdy? String bagpipes. That’s what it sounds like, at least. This hurdy gurdy has a pair of strings that are played with keys (giving you a specific note), and two drone strings that… drone. Turn a crank, which turns a wheel, which vibrates strings. Yeah, it’s slightly weird and sounds like string bagpipes.
This hurdy gurdy was a kit made of wood, and the wheel for these is usually made out of maple. Here, the wheel is constructed out of red PLA for the structure, and a thin band of carbon fibre filament on the rim. It works well enough, although how it sounds is greatly dependent on the listener.
High Metal Content Filament
Metal filament, or PLA that has a bit of tiny metal particles embedded inside, has been around for a while. If your prints are very good, you can smooth them to a high shine. The metal content of these filaments hover around 60-70%. It’s good, it’s heavy, but here’s some filament with a metal content of 80%. Yes, there is a difference, and this filament is worth the price.
This filament comes from The Virtual Foundry, and pictures will never do it justice. This feels like real metal. It is as if these objects were cast in bronze and plated with copper or stainless steel. The specs for the 316L Stainless filament give it a density of 4.05, a metal content of 81%, and it prints well at 210C. This is the greatest metal filament I’ve ever seen, and if you throw an object printed in this into a kiln, it comes out as a solid metal object.
How much does it cost? $100 for a kilogram of the copper filament. Keep in mind it’s significantly heavier than regular ‘ol PLA.
Can’t Wait Till Next Year
MRRF is simply the greatest 3D printing convention on the planet. Everyone who is there wants to be there. Everyone has awesome stuff to show off. This is where the future of 3D printing is on display, and it’s all happening in Goshen, Indiana, a town whose WalMart has a hitch for horse and buggies. No, we can’t explain it, but we’re going again next year.
so when is Prusa releasing this new multi-material upgrade ?
also, i’m betting in all those pictures of metal prints, the objects have been post processed, sanded and possibly electro-plated.
nope they are sintered in a kiln
impressive results, though a kiln is a bit much to get for me personally. still better than the nasty chemicals you need for electro-plating..
also, i bet there’s a reason i only see pictures of artistic objects, and no accurate mechanical parts..
They said it doesn’t shrink much when you fire it, but everything shrinks when you fire it. I suppose you could figure it out and adjust your prints accordingly, but it would be stupid expensive figuring it out!
As soon as the PLA containing the metal particles melts doesn’t the whole thing become super soft and just deform when fired?
If you already have a kiln you’ll be better off just making a mold out of silicone from your 3d printed part and pouring some metal in it. That will not have any shrinkage. So this filament is more for fun than actual mechanical parts.
It still shrinks. I’ve done foundry work in aluminum, and the temperature drop from the melting point to room temperature will cause aluminum to lose about 3/32″ per foot in my experience. That’s quite a bit — enough that you need to compensate in the pattern. Some parts also have uneven shrinkage, called “camber.” http://engineeringhut.blogspot.com/2010/11/pattern-and-its-types.html
We should start clarifying: infinite y-axis printer. “Infinite volume” is technically correct but doesn’t convey what the printer does.
Conveyor belt printer.
I’m glad to see pellet extruders coming into play. Filament is fine, but I know from working at a PE plastic bag factory that the bulk materials market is all pelletized. Whether it be large pallet sized cartons or rail cars. Dow/DuPont/3M always send it in pelletized form.
If you print on the scale of pallets of plastic, hell yeah. But my friends an I only go through 1-2kg per year. At our scale the ROI is too long to bother.
May store easier than filament coils.
Nothing of that looks really revolutionary. The real revolution is probably all the cheap stuff coming from China and making e.g. resin printing available for everybody.
Glitter printer guy here.
Minor correction: This specific Glitter is manufactured by meadowbrook, and made of PET with a bit of aluminum and polyester, not PLA.
PLA is biodegradable and wouldn’t kill dolphins.
Unfortunately not true. PLA is extremely stable in the environment, it will only decompose under elevated temperature in an industrial composter.
The airsoft pellets we use here in Japan are PLA and a big selling point is how quickly they decompose in the environment. As short as a few weeks.
Have you tested this? Sounds like marketing to me.
Yea in practice, it can sit in the compost heap for months and still appear unchanged in appearance and mechanical properties.
Here a link for reference:
https://www.filabot.com/blogs/news/57233604-the-misleading-biodegradability-of-pla
I have a cover for the street temperature sensor printed out of PLA. Survived two Russian winters, one summer, and still looks more or less intact, only dusty/dirty. Haven’t tested it structurally, but it looks still in one piece. It faces mostly south – so sunlight goes there every sunny day. (Well, low sun and many cloudy days a year do help conservation, probably).
Just to let you know, I found red glitter in my car… Must have stepped in it. Freaking stripper dust gets on everything!!! ;-)
Don’t let your wife find it! “Attending a meeting” might sound differently to her then.
Glitter: the herpes of craft supplies.
Glitter is the Herpes of the Arts & Crafts world.
“$100 for a kilogram of the copper filament”
Uhh.
Was Mcor there?
http://www.mcortechnologies.com/
No, they weren’t.
Horse hitch is easy to explain. You are in the middle of Amish country.
Apparently he missed all the horse and buggies driving on the roads. (seriously) Its mennonite country BTW.
I got the copper filament from Virtual Foundry last summer at a makers fair in madison, WI. I recommend it!
Is it conductive? If so, it might be cost-effective to use it for printed circuit boards. A little bit of that material would go a long way just printing boards. Of course, if they have to be fired then that would melt the substrate you just printed on and make my idea totally useless.
Unless you printed them on aluminum oxide substrates.
DIY 3D printed ceramic multi-chip modules? Intriguing…
How can 1kg of Copper filament be heavier than 1kg of PLA?
The point is you’ll get fewer metres of filament with 1kg of copper filament than 1kg of PLA filament.
Which weighs more, 1 tonne of bricks or 1 tonne of feathers? Answer, neither but good luck storing 1 tonne of feathers.
The punchline of that joke is supposed to be “1 tonne of feathers due to the weight on your shoulders for murdering all those innocent birds.”
Since it has lower volume it displaces less air making it weight more.
well weight and mass are to different things, so maybe yo are onto something here.
I guess what they wanted to say: 1kg copper gives less length of tilament to print with than 1kg of PLA
I got a few samples of the VirtualFoundry material over the weekend. However, I believe there is a bit of sleight of hand going on here. If you read their documentation on their site (what little amount there is), it states a 90%+ metal content. Their printed samples, particularly the stainless prints, looked fantastic, with a bright, high polish. I am guessing these were done with a 90%+ content material, whereas the stuff they were selling (and what I have) is 81%. I have printed a few objects with the stainless since Saturday. It will not polish to the bright, nearly mirror like polish. It will get a very gray, reflective shine, but nowhere near the bright polish they had on their examples. I have been using metal filled materials for years, primarily ProtoPasta, as well as polishing said materials for years, I know how its done. As it stands, for the expense , this stuff (81% content stainless) is absolutely no better than ProtoPasta, It prints the same (quite well) , it polishes the same , looks the same, and the end product feels the same. Dont waste your money on this stuff yet until we can figure out what the deal is. Just grab some ProtoPasta for now if you want to try a high content metal material.
Isn’t their trick in making it look nice to burn out the plastic in a kiln?
You gave up too soon, or didn’t do the preliminary work. Sand with increasingly fine grits of sandpaper. Our prop makers get that final luster with a cotton buffing wheel and a buffing compound like Zam or Fabuloso. Standard Jewelers Rouge will do in a pinch though.
It’s the same process we use with our lost wax bronze castings, just use a lighter touch.
LOL, yup, done all that using the same materials. Cut down to 8000 grit micromesh even, and polished with a cotton loose stitched buff with Zam on a professional jewelers polishing machine. I think I DID mention in the post that I have been doing this for a long time. I mean, I have probably 30+ years polishing various materials. It may be the technique, but my experience polishing various materials, as well as “metal filament” , says otherwise.
“and it’s all happening in Goshen, Indiana, a town whose WalMart has a hitch for horse and buggies…”
I thought it was funny when this first came around and heard it was happening in Goshen of all places. The Amish have a fair presence in that part of the state, I think it’s great that all future MRRF attendees will get some culture shock over the weekend.
Funny about the powder thing, I did something similar when I got my first laser engraver. I wanted to engrave in color, so I got some plastic powder (I forget the name, but basically it’s a powder that reacts to heat at very low temp and then expands, forgot the name). I then did a first pass, followed by a color pass after sprinkling the powder on whatever I was engraving. Turned out pretty decent.
Embossing powder
I also drove past SeeMe’s new building on the way over from Dayton. Holy hell that place is HUGE! You could probably fit the old place in there at least three times.