Beam Me Up: Simple Free-Space Optical Communication

Bokeh photo of red light particles in the dark

Let’s think of the last time you sent data without wires. We’re not talking WiFi here, but plain optical signals. Free-space optical communication, or FSO, is an interesting and easy way to transmit signals through light beams. Forget expensive lasers or commercial-grade equipment; this video by [W1VLF] offers a simple and cheap entry point for anyone with a curiosity for DIY tech. Inspired by a video on weak signal sources for optical experiments, this project uses everyday components like a TV remote-control infrared LED and a photo diode. The goal is simply to establish optical communication across distances for under $10.

Click through the break to see more…

The heart of this setup is a basic pulse-width modulator driving the LED. Pair it with a photo diode for reception, and voilà—light beams become data carriers. Add a lens for focus, and you’ll instantly see the dramatic signal gain. LEDs from remote controls are surprisingly effective. For more precision, swap to narrow-beam LEDs or use filtered photo diodes to block ambient noise from sunlight or fluorescent lights. It’s delightfully simple yet endlessly tweakable.

[W1VLF]’s advice: start small, but don’t stop there—enthusiasts have built entire FSO networks to link rural areas! If you’re intrigued, [W1VLF] has more videos to explore. Want to dig deeper into the history of optical communications?  We’ve got that!  Once you advance, share your tips and thoughts in the comments below to help others get set up.

21 thoughts on “Beam Me Up: Simple Free-Space Optical Communication

  1. “One if by Land, and Two if by Sea,” 1775.
    Countless other examples of free-space-optical modulated-light-signal communications dating to antiquity.

    This is just doing old things with modern, better tools to get better (read: faster or more efficient) results.

    1. Gameboy Color could communicate wirelessly via IR and so did Sega IR7000. Quite a number of hand held devices like PDA often had form of wireless communication. I had one that worked with keyboard via IR. The only limitation is line of sight and distance, cheap IR LED on battery powered devices can’t go more than a few feet.

  2. IR Blasters were a thing. I wish I could remember the name, but a recent YT HiFi channel did a bit on using laser diodes to send PCM audio wirelessly to surround speakers. The paths used mirrors along walls and ceilings to avoid interruptions. Perhaps a tad excessive but if you can’t run wires …

  3. When I was young I had a little book of simple transistor projects, two of which were a light beam voice transmitter and receiver. These used an incandescent light bulb and selenium photocell for the optical interface. Years later I was reminiscing through my old stuff and wondered why they hadn’t used an LED; I got my answer when I flipped back and saw the copyright date was 1963.

    1. We did that experiment in 5th grade at that time, and increased the range by mounting the lamp and cell at the focal points of a pair of 1 foot diameter parabolic reflectors – we obtained a range of 20 – 30 feet with the setup in 1962

      1. Not forgotten and I have seen commercial installs between hospitals for transferring records. But it got removed about 8 years ago. There was also a project that used lenses and stabilized bases to transmit free space using off the shelf fiber trancievers.

  4. I didn’t see a mention of the Alexander Graham Bell Photophone (1880) that used light to send voice communication. However, I do hate to reference a classic source again but in the 60s Radio-TV Experimenter Magazine had an article on building a transceiver for “communication over light beams”. There was a follow up article using infrared as well.

  5. I did this in 1983, 12yrs old, science project, I used an LED connected to radio shack mini speaker output, and used another mini speaker with photo transistor connected to its input. I used a cheap kids telescope, sent music across the school.

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