It’s All In The Libs – Building A Plugin System Using Dynamic Loading

Shared libraries are our best friends to extend the functionality of C programs without reinventing the wheel. They offer a collection of exported functions, variables, and other symbols that we can use inside our own program as if the content of the shared library was a direct part of our code. The usual way to use such libraries is to simply link against them at compile time, and let the linker resolve all external symbols and make sure everything is in place when creating our executable file. Whenever we then run our executable, the loader, a part of the operating system, will try to resolve again all the symbols, and load every required library into memory, along with our executable itself.

But what if we didn’t want to add libraries at compile time, but instead load them ourselves as needed during runtime? Instead of a predefined dependency on a library, we could make its presence optional and adjust our program’s functionality accordingly. Well, we can do just that with the concept of dynamic loading. In this article, we will look into dynamic loading, how to use it, and what to do with it — including building our own plugin system. But first, we will have a closer look at shared libraries and create one ourselves.

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A Primer On Dynamic Loading

[Graphitemaster] is helping to demystifying the process of tailoring functions for dynamic loading. His tutorial shows how make a dynamic function that prints “Hello World” to the standard output. This is of course rudimentary, but if you have no prior experience with the topic you might be surprised at what actually goes into it.

Normally your compiled code has addresses in it that tell the processor where to go next. The point of dynamic loading is that the code can be put anywhere, and so static addresses simply will not work. The code above shows how a simple printf statement normally compiles. The callq line is a system call that needs to be replaced with something that will play nicely in the registers. [Graphitemaster] takes it slow in showing how to do this. Of course a dynamic function alone isn’t going to be much good. So the tutorial finishes by illustrating how to program a dynamic code loader.