Author: Jenny List

3430 Articles

AI For The Skeptics: The Universal Function For Some Things Only

April 22, 2026 by 29 Comments

It’s a phrase we use a lot in our community, “Drink the Kool-Aid”, meaning becoming unreasonably infatuated with a dubious idea, technology, or company. It has its origins in 1960s psychedelia, but given that it’s popularly associated with the mass suicide of the followers of Jim Jones in Guyana, perhaps we should find something else. In the sense we use it though, it has been flowing liberally of late with respect to AI, and the hype surrounding it. This series has attempted to peer behind that hype, first by examining the motives behind all that metaphorical Kool-Aid drinking, and then by demonstrating a simple example where the technology does something useful that’s hard to do another way. In that last piece we touched upon perhaps the thing that Hackaday readers should find most interesting, we saw the LLM’s possibility as a universal API for useful functions.

It’s Not What An LLM Can Make, It’s What It Can Do

When we program, we use functions all the time. In most programming languages they are built into the language or they can be user-defined. They encapsulate a piece of code that does something, so it can be repeatedly called. Life without them on an 8-bit microcomputer was painful, with many GOTO statements required to make something similar happen. It’s no accident then that when looking at an LLM as a sentiment analysis tool in the previous article I used a function GetSentimentAnalysis(subject,text) to describe what I wanted to do. The LLM’s processing capacity was a good fit to my task in hand, so I used it as the engine behind my function, taking a piece of text and a subject, and returning an integer representing sentiment. The word “do” encapsulates the point of this article, that maybe the hype has got it wrong in being all about what an LLM can make. Instead it should be all about what it can do. The people thinking they’ve struck gold because they can churn out content slop or make it send emails are missing this. Continue reading “AI For The Skeptics: The Universal Function For Some Things Only” →

2026 Green Powered Challenge: A Low Power Distraction Free Writing Tool

April 21, 2026 by 10 Comments

Distraction free writing tools are a reaction to the bells and whistles of the modern desktop computer, allowing the user to simply pick up the device and write. The etyper from [Quackieduckie] is one such example, packing an e-paper screen into a minimalist case.

These devices are most often made using a microcontroller such as an ESP32, so it’s interesting to note that this one uses a full-fat computer — if an Orange Pi Zero 2W can be described as “Full-fat”, anyway. There’s an Armbian image for it with the software pre-configured, and also mention of a Raspberry Pi port. It works with wired USB-C keyboards, and files can be retrieved via Bluetooth. It doesn’t look as though there’s a framebuffer or other more general driver for the display so it’s likely you won’t be using this as a general purpose machine, but maybe that’s not the point. We like it, though maybe it’s not a daily driver.

This hack is part of our 2026 Green Powered Challenge. You’ve just got time to get your own entry in, so get a move on!

2026 Hackaday Green Powered Challenge

Flipper Zero Transmits APRS With No Extra Parts

April 21, 2026 by 9 Comments

APRs is an amateur radio protocol allowing the exchange of short packets of data. It’s commonly used to transmit a GPS position, though it can find other applications. The Flipper Zero RF hacker’s multi tool normally needs to be hooked up to an external transmitter to do APRS, but [Richard YO3GND] has made his Flipper do the job without any external parts at all.

One of the the Flipper’s radios sits in the 435 MHz ISM band, meaning that the rest of the 70 cm amateur band is well within its reach. There only remains the subject of modulation, in which the Flipper’s FSK and APRS’s FM are similar on paper if not on a waterfall display. Some software hackery ensues, and the Flipper is an APRS station. Because of the FSK-as-FM modulation it won’t be decoded by everything, but you can’t argue with the bill of materials if you happen to own a Flipper. Check out the demo video below.

Meanwhile, should any readers with an amateur radio licence be interested, this certainly isn’t the first time we’ve brought you a minimalist APRS transceiver. Assuming that possession of a Flipper hasn’t got you into hot water, that is. Continue reading “Flipper Zero Transmits APRS With No Extra Parts” →

2026 Green Powered Challenge: The Eternal Headphones

April 19, 2026 by 22 Comments

Noise cancelling headphones are a great way to insulate yourself from the bustle of the city, but due to their power requirements, continuous use means frequent recharging. [Alessandro Sgarzi] has an elegant and unique solution — powering the noise cancelling electronics by harvesting energy from the ambient noise of the city via a sheet of piezoelectric film.

This impressive feat is achieved using a LTC3588-1 power harvesting IC and a pair of supercapacitors, while an STM32L011K4T6 microcontroller processes the input from a MEMS microphone and feeds a low-power class D amplifier. This circuit consumes an astounding 1.7 nW, a power that a noisy city is amply able to supply. Audio meanwhile comes via a traditional 3.5 mm connector, which we are told is the cool kids’ choice nowadays anyway.

We like this project, and since it’s part of our 2026 Green Powered Challenge, it’s very much in the spirit of the thing. You’ve just got time to get your own entry in, so get a move on!

2026 Hackaday Green Powered Challenge

Hackaday Podcast Episode 366: DOOM On A Toaster, Music In LED Strips, And Old Drives In New Clothes

April 17, 2026 by 2 Comments

It’s the evening before publication, and a pair of Hackaday writers convene to record the week’s podcast. This week Elliot Williams is joined by Jenny List, and it’s a bumper episode!

Of course, a bit of Hackaday news makes the cut, as it’s time to make an entry in the Green Powered Challenge. Then we make the first of a couple of sojourns into AI, as we talk about the Linux kernel stance on AI code. In short: if you submit AI code you’re responsible for its bugs. Meanwhile out of this world, we look forward to a time when astronauts breathe oxygen from moon dust.

There are hacks aplenty for your enjoyment, starting with far more than you ever thought it was possible to know about  sound-reactive LED strips. Then we have among others a Mac on an ESP32 forming the UI for a weather monitor, Doom on a toaster, and a fascinating look at screw threads for plastic.

In the longer reads we have our colleague [Tom Nardi] finding Chinese people’s personal data on hard drives he bought in an electronics store, and an attempt to look at what an LLM can do that might be useful. Grab your headphones, and join us!

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Continue reading “Hackaday Podcast Episode 366: DOOM On A Toaster, Music In LED Strips, And Old Drives In New Clothes” →

AI For The Skeptics: Attempting To Do Something Useful With It

April 15, 2026 by 78 Comments

There are some subjects as a writer in which you know they need to be written, but at the same time you feel it necessary to steel yourself for the inevitable barrage of criticism once your work reaches its audience. Of these the latest is AI, or more specifically the current enthusiasm for Large Language Models, or LLMs. On one side we have the people who’ve drunk a little too much of the Kool-Aid and are frankly a bit annoying on the subject, while on the other we have those who are infuriated by the technology. Given the tide of low quality AI slop to be found online, we can see the latter group’s point.

This is the second in what may become an occasional series looking at the subject from the perspective of wanting to find the useful stuff behind the hype; what is likely to fall by the wayside, and what as yet unheard of applications will turn this thing into something more useful than a slop machine or an agent that might occasionally automate some of your tasks correctly. In the previous article I examined the motivation of that annoying Guy In A Suit who many of us will have encountered who wants to use AI for everything because it’s shiny and new, while in this one I’ll try to do something useful with it myself.

Continue reading “AI For The Skeptics: Attempting To Do Something Useful With It” →

Audio Reactive LED Strips Are Hard

April 14, 2026 by 16 Comments

Back in 2017, Hackaday featured an audio reactive LED strip project from [Scott Lawson], that has over the years become an extremely popular choice for the party animals among us. We’re fascinated to read his retrospective analysis of the project, in which he looks at how it works in detail and explains that why for all its success, he’s still not satisfied with it.

Sound-to-light systems have been a staple of electronics for many decades, and have progressed from simple volume-based flashers and sequencers to complex DSP-driven affairs like his project. It’s particularly interesting to be reminded that the problem faced by the designer of such a system involves interfacing with human perception rather than making a pretty light show, and in that context it becomes more important to understand how humans perceive sound and light rather than to simply dump a visualization to the LEDs. We receive an introduction to some of the techniques used in speech recognition, because our brains are optimized to recognize activity in the speech frequency range, and in how humans register light intensity.

For all this sophistication and the impressive results it improves though, he’s not ready to call it complete. Making it work well with all musical genres is a challenge, as is that elusive human foot-tapping factor. He talks about using a neural network trained using accelerometer data from people listening to music, which can only be described as an exciting prospect. We genuinely look forward to seeing future versions of this project. Meanwhile if you’re curious, you can head back to 2017 and see our original coverage.