Watching The Watchers

Although it used to be a much more rare event, now almost any time at dawn or dusk, provided clear weather, a human observer can walk outside, look up, and spot an artificial satellite passing overhead. This has caused some consternation among astronomers who have another source of pollution to deal with in their data, but has benefited society in other ways such as more reliable internet and better weather predictions. To keep an eye on what exactly is passing overhead, take a look at this tool built by [Armaan].

The browser-based satellite tracker uses simplified perturbations models (SGP4) to model the passes of every satellite that has passed a given location on Earth in the past seven days. The modeling is all done locally within the user’s browser, and can even be self-hosted through a fairly simple method that involves forking the project with a tool called Vercel. Not only does this tool find the satellite passes for that given location, though, but it also automatically downloads any imagery that those satellites sent back down to Earth.

The project itself is open source, so users can engage with the code without using Vercel if they choose. Beyond just checking out what happened to fly overhead in the last few days and checking out weather data without needing your own satellite dish to download the data yourself, this could also be useful for radio operators looking to make contacts with satellite repeaters or those wanting to keep tabs on crewed satellites like the International Space Station while it still remains in orbit.

Gesture Controls With Only A Camera

Back in 2002, [Takahiro Yonemura] and others built a system that used a single webcam-like device to track a user’s hand and generate inputs for a computer. Given that this was more than 20 years ago, the technological limitations were much greater than they are today. It wasn’t until nearly a decade later that we got something like the Microsoft Kinect, and even now many VR and gesture controls require something more than a simple camera. Although [Takahiro Yonemura]’s original paper (Japanese, Google Translate link) is now many decades old, he’s recently picked the project back up and used it to develop this game.

The original system worked by attempting to automatically identify the user’s fingers and head. The team had focused on user inputs for standard PCs, drawing characters in the air and allowing the software to interpret them and pass them to a computer. In the modern iteration the scope is slimmed down a bit. The system instead detects an open or closed hand, and can recognize when it leaves the camera’s view. For the game built around this concept, the player controls a dragon who whips his tail around a map. Closing and opening a hand generates a click in the game, and moving a hand off-screen pauses the game.

Although the game has relatively simple controls, these types of games can be quite fun and popular. From the video clip on the Steam page it looks like [Takahiro] is having plenty of fun playing it. Although we’d prefer it be open source so others can experiment with his gesture controls, we can also experiment with other camera-only gesture controls like this project which allows the user to move and interact with 3D objects in a virtual space.

How CRISPR Could Mark Mutated Cancer Cells For Termination

Over the past decades CRISPR, short for “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”, has become somewhat of a household name, holding the promise of directly addressing genetic mutations by effectively removing, silencing, or even fixing them. Yet the original purpose of CRISPR is slightly less cute and cuddly: the evolutionary origin of these DNA sequences is that of a core component of the prokaryotic immune system.

In most medical applications today we only try to use CRISPR to detect sequences and then apply enzymes such as the well-known Cas9 to cut DNA at specific locations in the process of gene-editing. In a recent study (paywalled, bioRxiv pre-print) by Jingkun Zheng et al. in Nature such benign enzymes are dropped for Cas12a2, which turns a detection event into the release of a DNA-destroy enzyme as the molecular equivalent of a guided missile.

The pitched use case here is the detection of cancer-cell specific mutations in the DNA, following which the tumor cells will be instantly shredded from the inside. This could theoretically provide a cure for many cancer types, but should we expect to see this kind of therapy approved any time soon?

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Simulating And Visualising The Central Limit Theorem

Statistics is one of those fields which people tend to love or hate when they’re confronted with it during their school time. Although incredibly useful and even essential in many fields, including finance and engineering, it’s not always easy to grasp even the basics such as those pertaining to distributions. The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is an essential element there, which [Greg Foletta] tried to make easier to comprehend using some code samples and visualizations.

The essential summary of the CLT is that if you take the mean of each sample in a set, once you have enough (>30) samples, the distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution. This is quite the theorem to put out there, with the supporting proof and explanations on e.g. Wikipedia being very mathematics-heavy.

We’d be remiss not to also mention the excellent [3Blue1Brown] video on the topic, which has even snazzier visualizations if you’re more into learning in that fashion. Even if you don’t think that you need to learn statistics and how distributions work, chances are that you’ll come across a situation where it could have come in handy, or at least have deepened your understanding of a topic like the probability of something happening.

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DeviceTree For Hackers: Intro

Raspberry Pi has just leaked information on the Pi Zero 3W. They did it by publishing a DeviceTree file that describes the hardware of the Pi Zero. This is how we know it has the BCM2711 (Pi 4 CPU), makes use of PCIe (maybe it’s even exposed!), has an onboard power button, an extra power LED, and an eMMC option. If I were to guess, this will be the first dual-sided Pi Zero board, and if I were to have hope, it finally has USB-C.

Don’t believe it? Go read the DeviceTree file for yourself — it’s exceptionally easy to read it between the lines. DeviceTree files tell the Linux kernel, or other OS kernels, what CPU to expect, what drivers to load, which interfaces are exposed on your board, and the devices connected to those interfaces. Sometimes a proper DeviceTree file is the only thing you need to make a modern Linux OS run on a neglected SBC you own.

There are DeviceTree files powering technology all around you. Your phone has one, so does your router, your ARM laptop, and not even to speak of your SBCs. Some DeviceTree files are evil, being merely a thin layer between the Linux kernel and proprietary drivers; you will find these in phones with CPUs made by evil corporations. Most DeviceTree files are simply there to do their job.

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Have You Ever Heard Of The Lobo MAX-80?

[Adrian Black]’s enthusiasm is palpable as he shows off something truly unusual: a Lobo MAX-80 computer from 1982. To call this machine rare would be an understatement, as the company folded soon after its release. The one shown here is the first one [Adrian] has ever seen, never mind that he had never even heard of it before.

Aggressively priced and only around for a short time, it’s unknown how many were actually built.

The MAX-80 was a Z80-based computer that was CP/M and LDOS compatible. As [Adrian] puts it, many companies and innovative products came and went during this time period. There was so much, and most of it has simply disappeared.

He was able to find information about the Lobo MAX-80 from advertisements, media coverage, reviews, and more (and he has thoughtfully uploaded everything, see the video description for links) and even pieced together a short history of a company that got its start making TRS-80 and Apple II disk drives before transitioning to producing their own machine. The MAX-80 was released in 1982, but sadly the company didn’t last much longer.

After sharing what history he was able to dig up, [Adrian] opens the unit he has and goes through diagnostics. It’s actually in remarkably good shape, and he’s eventually able to get it to actually boot into CP/M.

There’s still more work needed before he can put it through its paces, but getting a formerly completely unknown machine from the 80s operational is pretty wild. Watch the whole thing in the video below.

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A T-mobile Sidekick 3 phone. It has an LCD screen that swings up above a backlit QWERTY keyboard sitting between a joystick and illuminated call start and end buttons on the right and a directional pad on the left. The screen shows the selected application, a visual novel called "Class of 09."

Hacking The Sidekick In 2026

The early 2000s saw a Cambrian Explosion of form factors for mobile devices, and one of the most feature-rich phones of the time was the Danger Hiptop, better known as the T-Mobile Sidekick. [ashe] wanted to get the phone going again, which took some sleuthing.

While not advertised as such at the time, the Hiptop was primarily a client for web apps from the Danger servers. So, when Danger was shuttered, so were most of the phone’s features. [ashe] was able to track down the SDK for the device’s Java-based OS, but to get any programs running on an actual device, they needed a developer key. After finding a few more clues, they were able to use CADO-NFS, a general number sieve, to crack the 512-bit encryption scheme for the system’s developer key and generate a new one for their device.

[ashe] ported a visual novel to their Sidekick 3 with their new key, saying “Endings arrive as real Sidekick text notifications, using an emulated modem.” Work continues on the Re:Danger server to bring other functionality back, including plans to spin up a GSM network to connect an actual Sidekick. The server replication only works with an emulated Sidekick so far. They did include a Sidekick emulator on their site if you’d like to try it yourself.

If you’re a fan of the form factor but would like something with a bit more power, we’ve seen a UMPC inspired by the Hiptop/Sidekick a few years back.