The Virtual OS museum, screenshot

Virtual Museum Hosts Every OS You Haven’t Heard Of

OK, every operating system is a bit of a stretch — Windows Vista notably didn’t make the cut — but [Andrew]’s Virtual OS museum has a good claim to being the most comprehensive archive of operating systems yet assembled.

[Andrew] has a blog post describing the project, as well as a YouTube video that we’ve embedded below. But the real fun is in the downloading and spinning up one of 570+ operating systems for more than 250 platforms on pre-configured virtual machines that have been packaged up for us.

This isn’t just the usual retrocomputer nostalgia-fest of Macintosh System and DOSBox. There’s everything from IBM Big Iron and VAXen to Texas Instrument graphing calculators emulated in the museum, with software to run on them, too. If you’ve ever wondered what you could do with the Manchester Baby, well, all known software for that machine is included with its ‘operating system’.

Admission is free, but like any good museum you’ll be waiting in line a while to get in, so expect the full 128 GB download to take some time. If you’re into computer history, though, it’s going to very much be worth the wait. If you try it and like it, you could help others by seeding the torrent.

The actual museum launches in a VM as a modern Linux system — perhaps that can be considered an exhibit itself — with a launcher to select any of the other system/OS combos, including various other, older Linuxes hosted on their own VMs. There are more to come, too, as [Andrew] continues the long debugging process of making sure everything works as expected.

Purists may decry this virtual emulation as not being quite the real thing, which is true. But while MiSTer supports a lot of cores via FPGA, you probably won’t find everything here on that platform. We have, however, seen an FPGA recreation of the Manchester Baby. More than once, even.

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Testing LFP Battery Failure Modes With Overcharging

As great as batteries are, it’s essential to understand their risks and how to keep them from going spicy. Recently there has been a bit of a fuss about the dangers of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries after someone’s dedicated LFP battery shed got shredded into matchsticks by a hydrogen explosion, following said LFP batteries having a thermal event. The thing about the LFP chemistry is that if it suffers such a thermal event, it generates hydrogen gas, which is one of the most explosion-happy gases known to man. This is demonstrated in a recent video by [Will Prowse].

To kick things off, a single prismatic LFP cell is overcharged for half an hour after it was already at 100% state of charge. This ultimately pops the vent as the cell begins to release hydrogen gas into the aquarium that the cell was placed in. Using a spark generator it’s then attempted to ignite the gas, which initially takes a bit as enough hydrogen has to collect first.

Once there’s ignition, however, it happily keeps burning as more and more hydrogen pours out of the by now bulging cell’s vent. If any other LFP cells had been nearby these too would be at risk of suffering thermal runaway, showing how just one bad LFP cell is enough to potentially set an LFP battery bank ablaze.

In a commercial setting you will have precautions such as hydrogen sensors, ventilation and spark generators to deal with any generated hydrogen gas, as well as blow-out panels in case things end up going squirrely in a hurry.

While a benefit of LFP chemistry is that it does not generate its own oxygen as with other lithium-ion chemistries, hydrogen gas is a major problem due to how incredibly volatile it is. It’s not just a headache with battery storage, but also in the nuclear power sector, where zirconium fuel rod cladding can very efficiently turn steam into hydrogen and oxygen. This was the reason why some of Fukushima Daiichi’s buildings suffered detonations, with the nuclear plant operator opting to not install recommended hydrogen gas mitigation systems.

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